翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Rye Brook, New York ・ Rye by-election, 1903 ・ Rye Castle ・ Rye Coalition ・ Rye College ・ Rydalmere ferry wharf ・ Rydalmere railway station ・ Rydalmere, New South Wales ・ Rydaz Redemption ・ RydB RNA ・ Rydberg ・ Rydberg (crater) ・ Rydberg atom ・ Rydberg constant ・ Rydberg correction ・ Rydberg formula ・ Rydberg ionization spectroscopy ・ Rydberg matter ・ Rydberg molecule ・ Rydberg Peninsula ・ Rydberg state ・ Rydberg–Klein–Rees method ・ Rydberg–Ritz combination principle ・ Rydbo ・ Rydboholm ・ Rydboholm Castle ・ RydC RNA ・ Ryde ・ Ryde (disambiguation) ・ Ryde Academy Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Rydberg formula ： ウィキペディア英語版 Rydberg formula The Rydberg formula is used in atomic physics to describe the wavelengths of spectral lines of many chemical elements. It was formulated by the Swedish physicist Johannes Rydberg, and presented on 5 November 1888. In 1880, Rydberg worked on a formula describing the relation between the wavelengths in spectral lines of alkali metals. He noticed that lines came in series and he found that he could simplify his calculations by using the wavenumber (the number of waves occupying the unit length, equal to 1/''λ'', the inverse of the wavelength) as his unit of measurement. He plotted the wavenumbers (''n'') of successive lines in each series against consecutive integers which represented the order of the lines in that particular series. Finding that the resulting curves were similarly shaped, he sought a single function which could generate all of them, when appropriate constants were inserted. First he tried the formula: $\backslash scriptstyle\; n=n\_0\; -\; \backslash frac$, where ''n'' is the line's wavenumber, ''n''0 is the series limit, ''m'' is the line's ordinal number in the series, ''m is a constant different for different series and ''C''0 is a universal constant. This did not work very well. Rydberg was trying: $\backslash scriptstyle\; n=n\_0\; -\; \backslash frac$ when he became aware of Balmer's formula for the hydrogen spectrum $\backslash scriptstyle\; \backslash lambda=$ In this equation, ''m'' is an integer and ''h'' is a constant (not to be confused with the later Planck's constant, a completely different number now usually given the symbol ''ħ'', which refers to Planck's Constant divided by 2π). Rydberg therefore rewrote Balmer's formula in terms of wavenumbers, as $\backslash scriptstyle\; n=n\_0\; -$. This suggested that the Balmer formula for hydrogen might be a special case with $\backslash scriptstyle\; m\text{'}=0\backslash !$ and $\backslash scriptstyle\; C\_0=4n\_0\backslash !$, where $\backslash scriptstyle\; n\_0=\backslash frac$, the reciprocal of Balmer's constant (this constant h is written B in the Balmer equation article, again to avoid confusion with Planck's constant). The term ''C''o was found to be a universal constant common to all elements, equal to 4/''h''. This constant is now known as the Rydberg constant, and ''m is known as the quantum defect. As stressed by Niels Bohr, expressing results in terms of wavenumber, not wavelength, was the key to Rydberg's discovery. The fundamental role of wavenumbers was also emphasized by the Rydberg-Ritz combination principle of 1908. The fundamental reason for this lies in quantum mechanics. Light's wavenumber is proportional to frequency $\backslash scriptstyle\; \backslash frac=\backslash frac$, and therefore also proportional to light's quantum energy ''E''. Thus, $\backslash scriptstyle\; \backslash frac=\backslash frac$. Modern understanding is that Rydberg's findings were a reflection of the underlying simplicity of the behavior of spectral lines, in terms of fixed (quantized) ''energy'' differences between electron orbitals in atoms. Rydberg's 1888 classical expression for the form of the spectral series was not accompanied by a physical explanation. Ritz's ''pre-quantum'' 1908 explanation for the ''mechanism'' underlying the spectral series was that atomic electrons behaved like magnets and that the magnets could vibrate with respect to the atomic nucleus (at least temporarily) to produce electromagnetic radiation, but this theory was superseded in 1913 by Niels Bohr's model of the atom. In Bohr's conception of the atom, the integer Rydberg (and Balmer) ''n'' numbers represent electron orbitals at different integral distances from the atom. A frequency (or spectral energy) emitted in a transition from ''n''1 to ''n''2 therefore represents the photon energy emitted or absorbed when an electron makes a jump from orbital 1 to orbital 2. Later models found that the values for ''n''1 and ''n''2 corresponded to the principal quantum numbers of the two orbitals. ==Rydberg formula for hydrogen== :$\backslash frac\; =\; R\backslash left(\backslash frac-\backslash frac\backslash right)$ Where :$\backslash lambda\_$ 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rydberg formula」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.